CWE-1248

ハードウェア・ロジックにおける半導体の欠陥とセキュリティへの影響

Semiconductor Defects in Hardware Logic with Security-Sensitive Implications

脆弱性作成中

日本語説明

セキュリティに敏感なハードウェア・モジュールには半導体欠陥がある。

半導体デバイスはさまざまな理由で故障する。製造やパッケージングの欠陥もあれば、長期間の使用や過酷な条件下での使用によるものもある。半導体の欠陥につながるメカニズムには、封止不良、ダイ・アタッチ不良、ワイヤ・ボンド不良、バルク・シリコン不良、酸化膜不良、アルミニウム・金属不良（エレクトロマイグレーション、アルミニウムの腐食などを含む）、熱的・電気的ストレスなどがある。これらの欠陥は、チップ内部の信号またはレジスタの欠陥として現れ、入力、出力、または中間信号が常に0または常に1になり、期待通りに切り替わらないという影響を及ぼします。

原文 (English)

The security-sensitive hardware module contains semiconductor defects.

A semiconductor device can fail for various reasons. While some are manufacturing and packaging defects, the rest are due to prolonged use or usage under extreme conditions. Some mechanisms that lead to semiconductor defects include encapsulation failure, die-attach failure, wire-bond failure, bulk-silicon defects, oxide-layer faults, aluminum-metal faults (including electromigration, corrosion of aluminum, etc.), and thermal/electrical stress. These defects manifest as faults on chip-internal signals or registers, have the effect of inputs, outputs, or intermediate signals being always 0 or always 1, and do not switch as expected.

関連する脆弱性

想定される影響

Scope: Availability, Access Control / Impact: DoS: Instability

対策・緩和策

While semiconductor-manufacturing companies implement several mechanisms to continuously improve the semiconductor manufacturing process to ensure reduction of defects, some defects can only be fixed after manufacturing. Post-manufacturing testing of silicon die is critical. Fault models such as stuck-at-0 or stuck-at-1 must be used to develop post-manufacturing test cases and achieve good coverage. Once the silicon packaging is done, extensive post-silicon testing must be performed to ensure that hardware logic implementing security functionalities is defect-free.

Operating the hardware outside device specification, such as at extremely high temperatures, voltage, etc., accelerates semiconductor degradation and results in defects. When these defects manifest as faults in security-critical, hardware modules, it results in compromise of security guarantees. Thus, operating the device within the specification is important.

外部リンク

MITRE公式ページ — CWE-1248