By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.